Приветствую, уважаемые студенты! Сегодня мы поговорим о герундиях и инфинитивах, важных элементах английского языка. Понимание и умение использовать эти конструкции помогут вам стать более свободными и уверенными в общении на английском. Давайте рассмотрим примеры, чтобы лучше понять, как работают герундии и инфинитивы.
Герундии
Герундий — это форма глагола, оканчивающаяся на «-ing», которая используется в качестве существительного. Он может выступать в роли подлежащего, объекта или после предлога. Вот несколько примеров:
- Swimming is a great way to stay fit. (плавание — подлежащее)
- I enjoy playing the guitar. (наслаждаюсь — объект глагола)
- She is interested in learning French. (интересуется — объект предлога)
Инфинитивы
Инфинитив — это базовая форма глагола с частицей «to». Он может использоваться в качестве существительного, прилагательного или наречия. Вот несколько примеров:
- To travel is my dream. (путешествовать — существительное)
- He has the ability to speak multiple languages. (говорить — прилагательное)
- She works hard to succeed in her career. (для достижения успеха — наречие)
Герундии или инфинитивы?
Иногда определить, когда использовать герундий или инфинитив, может быть сложно. Вот несколько примеров, чтобы помочь вам разобраться:
- I like swimming in the ocean. (герундий — выражает удовольствие) I like to swim in the ocean. (инфинитив — выражает предпочтение или намерение)
- He started studying Spanish. (герундий — указывает на действие в процессе) He started to study Spanish. (инфинитив — указывает на новое действие)
- She remembered closing the window. (герундий — указывает на прошлое действие) She remembered to close the window. (инфинитив — указывает на будущее действие)
Практика и повторение помогут вам лучше понять и запомнить правила использования герундиев и инфинитивов. Не забывайте применять эти конструкции в разных контекстах, чтобы стать более уверенными в использовании английского языка.
Вот еще несколько примеров использования герундиев и инфинитивов:
Герундии
- She enjoys reading books in her free time. (наслаждается — объект глагола)
- Running a marathon is a great accomplishment. (бег — подлежащее)
- They are looking forward to seeing their friends at the party. (ждут с нетерпением — объект предлога)
Инфинитивы
- His goal is to become a doctor someday. (стать — существительное)
- She is happy to help with the project. (помочь — прилагательное)
- They need more time to finish the project. (закончить — наречие)
Герундии и инфинитивы с различными глаголами
- I can’t stand cooking for hours. (не выношу — выражение неприязни к действию) I can’t stand to cook for hours. (не могу вынести — выражение неспособности)
- He stopped smoking last year. (бросил — завершенное действие) He stopped to smoke when he saw the «No Smoking» sign. (остановился, чтобы закурить — новое действие)
- She tried to open the jar, but it was too tight. (попыталась — новое действие) She tried opening the jar from a different angle. (попыталась открыть — действие в процессе)
В тексте также упоминаются фильмы «Ghost», «The American President», «Dave», «The Thing Called Love», «The Truman Show», «Pleasantville», «My Girl» и «Meet Joe Black». Каждый из этих фильмов имеет свою особенность и заставляет задуматься о разных аспектах жизни.
Так что давайте продолжим урок и узнаем больше о герундиях и инфинитивах, а также насладимся обсуждением этих замечательных фильмов!
Надеюсь, эти примеры помогут вам лучше понять, как использовать герундии и инфинитивы в английском языке!
Расшифровка видеоурока на английском языке
Hi everyone. I’m Jennifer from English with Jennifer. I’m quite certain that many of you love movies as much as I do. The question is, which ones? I like watching different genres and I’ve named some of my favorite movies in other grammar lessons. You can find out my top 5 family movies and learn about prescriptive and descriptive grammar. You can learn my top 5 disaster movies and study prepositions. You can also discover my top 10 romantic comedies while reviewing the modal verb «would.» I’ll put all links in the video description. In this lesson, let’s review gerunds and infinitives. I’ve covered this topic a few times in my grammar playlist, but I know that students of all levels can make mistakes when choosing between a gerund, like doing, and an infinitive, like to do, so additional practice has value. Let’s keep the lesson interesting and meaningful. We’ll practice the target grammar while I share another set of 10 favorite movies. There will be a total of 40 questions. Okay? These movies are all from the 1990s. I’m not calling them the best movies of the 1990s, but I’ve enjoyed watching all of them more than once. We’ll see if you’re familiar with any of them. Number 10: Contact. Contact stars Jody Foster, and the movie could be categorized as sci-fi, but you don’t see any aliens — not really. This is more of a drama that makes us examine ourselves as a species and our desire to explore, discover, and connect. Help me finish these sentences. Choose the correct verb forms. [music] 1. Dr. Ellie Arroway has always wished to make contact with others from distant places. 2. She hopes to make contact with aliens by using massive radio telescopes. 3. She imagines receiving a signal sent from a distant star system. 4. In the movie, such a signal is received, but then we watch how scientists, the government, and ordinary people choose to respond. Number 9: Ghost. I can’t really say this is a favorite movie of mine, but I really love Whoopi Goldberg in this film. Without her, there simply wouldn’t be any big laughs. I skip over some scenes just to watch her parts. As the psychic Oda Mae Brown, Whoopi Goldberg gives a very memorable performance. The movie also stars Patrick Swayze and Demi Moore. Help me finish these sentences. Choose the correct verb forms. 5. Sam Wheat, a young Banker, is not prepared to leave this world when he’s shot and killed in a robbery. 6. When he discovers that his own friend and colleague planned to have him robbed, he feels he must warn his girlfriend, Molly, of the danger — only he needs help since he’s a ghost. 7-8. Oda Mae Brown, a psychic who has the talent to communicate with ghosts, certainly doesn’t feel like putting herself in danger, but Sam convinces her to help him. Number 8: The American President. Some Hollywood actors do a really great job in the role of the American president. Michael Douglas is very likable and convincing in this movie. Imagine being the head of state as a widower and then falling in love while constantly being in the public eye. This film has an amazing cast including Annette Benning, Martin Sheen, and Michael J. Fox. Help me finish these sentences. Choose the correct verb forms. [music] 9. Is there any law that forbids dating if you’re the president of the United States and single? 10. What if the president happens to fall in love with a lobbyist, that is, someone he works with or even against? 11. When President Shepard invites Sydney Ellen Wade to dinner, it’s actually a state dinner at the White House. She agrees to go, and the world takes interest in their first date. 12. The president faces great difficulty as he attempts to keep his political and personal lives separate. Number 7: Dave. This is another movie about the American president, but this time, an unusual chain of events puts an ordinary citizen in the White House. What would you do if you could take over the U.S government? What changes would you make? Kevin Klein brings great energy and humor to this film, and he’s joined by big name actors like Sigourney Weaver and Ben Kingsley. I really enjoy this political comedy. Help me finish these sentences. Choose the correct verb forms. 13. Would you dare to step in for the president if government officials asked you to? 14. The White House Chief of Staff hires Dave Kovic, a small business owner, to double for the president at an event so that the real president can go off and meet a woman on the side. 15. The truth is that Dave appears to be a much better person and leader. 16. Dave intends to use this unexpected opportunity to make positive changes. Number 6: The Thing Called Love. River Phoenix had a short but amazing acting career. He was incredibly talented both as an actor and as a musician. We’re lucky to have this romance drama with his contributions. River didn’t play the main character, but his musical talent is full on display. The movie is about a group of young people struggling in the country music industry. It stars Samantha Mathis, Sandra Bullock (before she became really famous), and Dermot Mulroney. Help me finish these sentences. Choose the correct verb forms. [music] 17. Miranda Presley has moved from New York to Nashville, Tennessee, and she would like more than anything to make it big as a country music songwriter. 18. She meets James Wright, a talented musician, and she can’t easily deny feeling attracted to him. 19. James seems to be a step ahead in gaining success, and this is hard for Samantha to acknowledge. 20. The one thing all the young musicians have in common is that they don’t mind taking risks in their careers or in love. Number 5: The Truman Show. This movie stars Jim Carrey, so we know there’s humor, but it’s much more than a comedy. The drama in this film can nearly make you cry. It’s about a man who’s grown up while not knowing he’s the star of a TV show that films every second of his life. Is this entertainment? Is this morally wrong? The concept provokes serious thought. Help me finish these sentences. Choose the correct verb forms. 21-22. No one would appreciate having every moment of their life on camera, so why would a TV show encourage viewers to invade someone’s privacy as a form of entertainment? 23. Ed Harris plays the executive producer of The Truman Show, and he refuses to see his work as anything other than beautiful and genuine. 24. The show has given Truman security, a job, and a wife, but it has failed to give him what all humans need: the freedom to choose one’s own destiny. Number 4: Pleasantville. This is quite an original concept that goes beyond a mere comedy. When two modern teenagers find themselves in a 1950s TV show, they have the choice to either live a simple predictable existence in black and white or to add complexity and move into a more colorful world. This fantasy film stars Toby McGuire and Reese Witherspoon as brother and sister, David and Jennifer. Help me finish these sentences. Choose the correct verb forms. 25. The creators of this film proceeded to use color with great care. 26. To see color and appear in color the characters are required to undergo a personal transformation and lose their innocence. 27. The characters in the TV world can’t resist learning about the real world from David and Jennifer. The power of knowledge, however, can come with a burden. 28. The residents of Pleasantville are forced to admit that being more vulnerable actually makes the relationships more special. Number 3: My Girl. This is what we call a coming-of-age story because the main character, an 11-year-old girl, faces some difficult challenges that force her to mature and take a step closer to adulthood. Dan Aykroyd and Jamie Lee Curtis play the adults in this film, but the kids are the true stars. Anna Chlumsky plays Vada, and Macaulay Culkin plays her best friend. Help me finish these sentences. Choose the correct verb forms. [music] 29. Vada has grown up in a funeral home with her widowed father and she struggles to understand death. 30. To complicate matters, the father and daughter do not often discuss losing Vada’s mother in childbirth. 31. Thankfully Vada has Thomas J., her only friend, who deserves to be called a hero because he offers constant kindness and understanding, though he doesn’t always receive the same in return. 32. Vada also begins to learn about love as she sees her father open his heart to his new makeup artist. Note: We can use the gerund as well: Vada also begins learning about love. Number 2: Meet Joe Black. I admit having a celebrity crush on Brad Pitt. In this movie, he’s breathtakingly beautiful. In this fantasy-drama. Brad Pitt plays Death, and Anthony Hopkins is the man Death is currently visiting. Some dislike the movie, but I think the acting by the entire cast is phenomenal. The film has depth. Some scenes can bring you to tears as Death discovers firsthand for the first time what being human is really like. Help me finish these sentences. Choose the correct verb forms. 33. Nearly everyone would avoid meeting death, but what if death took human form and literally walked into your life? 34. Death offers to give Bill Parrish, a successful businessman, a few more days of life in exchange for learning what it means to be human. 35-36. Death soon learns that the most precious part of being human is to love and be loved in return, but because he must finish doing his job, he also discovers that love involves making sacrifices. Number 1: Heart and Souls. This is another film that falls into more than one category: fantasy, comedy, and drama. There are plenty of laughs with Robert Downey Jr.’s performance as a man who happens to have four ghosts following him around all his life. The four died in a bus crash and became his guardians on the night of his birth. Help me finish these sentences. Choose the correct verb forms. 37. Thomas Riley is all grown up, but he can recall having imaginary playmates as a child. 38. He’s shocked to discover they weren’t part of his imagination at all. Now the ghosts have reappeared and expect him to help them resolve unfinished business in their past lives. 39. Thomas would gladly continue living his busy unfulfilling life. Thomas would gladly continue to live his busy unfulfilling life. 40. In truth, Thomas has neglected to make room in his life for friendship and love, so before leaving this world, his guardians teach him this important lesson. [Music] That’s all for now. Please remember to like and share the video if you found the lesson useful. I invite everyone to visit my online store and view my digital downloads that build fluency. As always, thanks for watching and happy studies! Follow me on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, and Patreon. And don’t forget to subscribe here on YouTube. Turn on those notifications.
Меня зовут Дженнифер, я рада приветствовать вас на моем канале «English with Jennifer». Я уверена, что многие из вас также, как и я, обожают фильмы. Но вопрос в том, какие именно? Лично я люблю смотреть фильмы разных жанров, и я уже назвала некоторые из своих любимых фильмов в других уроках грамматики.
В моих уроках вы можете узнать о моих пяти самых любимых семейных фильмах и изучить прескриптивную и дескриптивную грамматику. Вы также можете познакомиться с моими пяти самыми любимыми фильмами о катастрофах и изучить предлоги. А если вы хотите открыть для себя мои десять самых любимых романтических комедий и повторить модальный глагол «would», то тоже найдете ссылки в описании видео.
В этом уроке давайте вспомним герундии и инфинитивы. Я уже несколько раз обсуждала эту тему в своем плейлисте по грамматике, но я знаю, что студенты всех уровней могут допускать ошибки при выборе между герундием, например «doing», и инфинитивом, например «to do». Поэтому дополнительная практика будет полезной.
Давайте сделаем урок интересным и содержательным. В процессе изучения целевой грамматики я также поделюсь еще одним списком своих 10 любимых фильмов. Всего будет 40 вопросов. Хорошо?
Все эти фильмы были выпущены в 1990-х годах. Я не называю их лучшими фильмами 1990-х, но я с большим удовольствием смотрела их не один раз. Посмотрим, знакомы ли вы с ними.
Начнем с номера 10: «Contact». В ролях Джоди Фостер, и хотя этот фильм можно отнести к научной фантастике, на самом деле здесь нет никаких пришельцев. Это скорее драма, которая заставляет нас задуматься о себе как о виде и нашем желании исследовать, открывать и находить связь.
Помогите мне завершить эти предложения. Выберите правильные формы глаголов:
Доктор Элли Арроуэй всегда мечтала установить контакт с другими существами из далеких мест. Она надеется установить контакт с пришельцами, используя массивные радиотелескопы. Она представляет себе получение сигнала, отправленного из далекой звездной системы. В фильме такой сигнал получают, но затем мы видим, как ученые, правительство и обычные люди выбирают, как на него реагировать.
И это только начало!